What is the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)?

The JVM is a runtime environment that executes Java bytecode and provides platform independence, memory management, and garbage collection for Java applications.

What is the difference between JDK and JRE?

The JDK includes tools for developing Java applications, while the JRE provides the runtime environment required to execute Java programs.

What are Java collections?

Java collections are data structures from the java.util package, such as List, Set, and Map, that provide methods for storing, accessing, and manipulating groups of objects.

Java Interview Questions

91. What are database transactions?

92. What is connection pooling?

93. What are common Java testing frameworks?

94. How do JUnit and Mockito work?

95. What are unit, integration, and end-to-end tests?

96. What are common Java logging frameworks?

97. How does Maven differ from Gradle?

98. What are common Java deployment strategies?

99. What are common performance bottlenecks in Java applications?

100. How would you architect a scalable Java backend for a growing engineering organization?